La carrera delictiva de dealers universitarios : deriva, riesgos y ambigüedades en los jóvenes micro-traficantes de Lima metropolitana

La presente tesis analiza el desarrollo de la carrera delictiva de dealers en espacios de educación superior privados de Lima Metropolitana. Este estudio cualitativo y exploratorio basó su análisis en las entrevistas semi-estructuradas y las conversaciones informales con siete jóvenes dealers. La trayectoria ha sido analizada en tres etapas: 1) la transición de consumidores de drogas a vendedores, 2) el desenvolvimiento en el mercado de drogas y, 3) los posibles procesos de salida de esta actividad. Se considera que la transición de consumidor a dealer no es un salto a un ambiente desconocido sino un paso a un ambiente familiar ligado al consumo de drogas. Asimismo, el desenvolvimiento es un proceso de aprender en la práctica, en el que los dealers empiezan a manejar su “doble vida” entre el ambiente delictivo y los convencionales. Mientras que dejar de vender drogas es un proceso complejo que está mediado por los proyectos de vida que tienen los jóvenes; el acostumbramiento a la actividad delictiva; y por la reducción de sus redes sociales a personas consumidores de drogas.Tesi

TwiMed: Twitter and PubMed Comparable Corpus of Drugs, Diseases, Symptoms, and Their Relations.

BACKGROUND: Work on pharmacovigilance systems using texts from PubMed and Twitter typically target at different elements and use different annotation guidelines resulting in a scenario where there is no comparable set of documents from both Twitter and PubMed annotated in the same manner. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide a comparable corpus of texts from PubMed and Twitter that can be used to study drug reports from these two sources of information, allowing researchers in the area of pharmacovigilance using natural language processing (NLP) to perform experiments to better understand the similarities and differences between drug reports in Twitter and PubMed. METHODS: We produced a corpus comprising 1000 tweets and 1000 PubMed sentences selected using the same strategy and annotated at entity level by the same experts (pharmacists) using the same set of guidelines. RESULTS: The resulting corpus, annotated by two pharmacists, comprises semantically correct annotations for a set of drugs, diseases, and symptoms. This corpus contains the annotations for 3144 entities, 2749 relations, and 5003 attributes. CONCLUSIONS: We present a corpus that is unique in its characteristics as this is the first corpus for pharmacovigilance curated from Twitter messages and PubMed sentences using the same data selection and annotation strategies. We believe this corpus will be of particular interest for researchers willing to compare results from pharmacovigilance systems (eg, classifiers and named entity recognition systems) when using data from Twitter and from PubMed. We hope that given the comprehensive set of drug names and the annotated entities and relations, this corpus becomes a standard resource to compare results from different pharmacovigilance studies in the area of NLP.This research project was supported by a grant from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)

Conotrachelus Species of Agricultural and Quarantine Importance for Mexico

The genus Conotrachelus Dejean is a large, diverse group in which some pest species are associated with fruit with high commercial value. Nevertheless, there are few morphological studies focused on differentiating the species. In Mexico, the species Conotrachelus perseae Barber, Conotrachelus aguacatae Barber, Conotrachelus dimidiatus Champion, Conotrachelus copalensis Salas and Romero, Conotrachelus crataegi Walsh, and Conotrachelus eburneus Champion cause damage and loss in fruit of economic importance. For this reason, this paper describes the most distinctive morphological characteristics of the species, considering easily observed external traits, as well as the aedeagus and Sternite VIII, and provides an illustrated taxonomic key

Mediação em centros e museus de ciência no México: um estudo sobre os atores sociais que atuam com os visitantes

The museums educators who work at the intersection of the museum's apparatus, objects and exhibitions with the visiting public are professionals who have different attributions and professional profiles. In this study, we map who the museums educators of scientific and cultural spaces in Mexico are and their views on the role of mediation. Data collection took place through an online questionnaire, answered by 179 people from 18 scientific and cultural spaces in ten states of the Mexican Republic. Among the respondents, there is a greater number of women (126; 70.4%) and young people aged between 20 and 24 years (108; 60.3%), with a bachelor's degree (122; 68.2%) or with high school education complete (49; 27.3%). The majority (157; 87.7%) have been working in the area for less than two years, working hours of up to 20 hours a week and receiving financial aid scholarships. For the Mexican museum educators who participated in this study, their actions should not be limited to explaining concepts; most of them expressed that they considered it essential that a good professional associate the museum's contents with daily life (135; 75.4%) and ask questions that provoke reflection (121; 67.6%). Mediation seems to be seen as a temporary activity, with a short-term link with Mexican institutions. We believe that our study will provide valuable information about professionals who work in mediation in museums and science centers in Mexico, helping to strengthen initiatives for training and maintaining these social actors in the profession.Os mediadores que atuam em museus na interseção entre os aparatos, os objetos e as exposições do museu com o público visitante são profissionais que possuem atribuições e perfis profissionais diversos. Neste estudo, mapeamos quem são os mediadores de espaços científicos e culturais do México e suas visões sobre o papel da mediação. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário on-line, respondido por 179 pessoas provenientes de 18 espaços científicos e culturais que se distribuem por dez estados da República Mexicana. Entre os respondentes, há um número maior de mulheres (126; 70,4%) e jovens entre 20 e 24 anos (108; 60,3%), com formação em licenciatura (122; 68,2%) ou com ensino médio completo (49; 27,3%). A maioria (157; 87,7%) atua há menos de dois anos na área, cumprindo jornadas de trabalho de até 20 horas semanais e recebendo bolsas de auxílio financeiro. Para os mediadores mexicanos que participaram deste estudo, suas ações não devem se limitar a explicação de conceitos; a maioria deles expressou considerar imprescindível que um bom mediador associe os conteúdos do museu com a vida cotidiana (135; 75,4%) e faça perguntas que provoquem reflexão (121; 67,6%). A mediação parece ser vista como uma atividade temporária, com um vínculo de curto prazo com as instituições mexicanas. Acreditamos que nosso estudo trará informações valiosas sobre os profissionais que atuam na mediação nos museus e centros de ciência do México, ajudando a fortalecer iniciativas de formação e manutenção desses atores sociais na profissão.

Spectroscopic time series performance of the Mid-Infrared Instrument on the JWST

We present here the first ever mid-infrared spectroscopic time series observation of the transiting exoplanet \object{L 168-9 b} with the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) on the James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained as part of the MIRI commissioning activities, to characterize the performance of the Low Resolution Spectroscopy (LRS) mode for these challenging observations. To assess the MIRI LRS performance, we performed two independent analyses of the data. We find that with a single transit observation we reached a spectro-photometric precision of $\sim$50 ppm in the 7-8 \micron range at R=50, consistent with $\sim$25 ppm systematic noise. The derived band averaged transit depth is 524 $\pm$ 15 ppm and 547 $\pm$ 13 ppm for the two applied analysis methods, respectively, recovering the known transit depth to within 1 $\sigma$. The measured noise in the planet's transmission spectrum is approximately 15-20 \% higher than random noise simulations over wavelengths $6.8 \lesssim \lambda \lesssim 11$ $\mu$m. \added{We observed an larger excess noise at the shortest wavelengths of up to a factor of two, for which possible causes are discussed.} This performance was achieved with limited in-flight calibration data, demonstrating the future potential of MIRI for the characterization of exoplanet atmospheres.Comment: Accepted for publishing in PASP, 21 pages, 10 figure

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat